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Shanghai is the night when the advent of a magnificent “LED landscape light show” will be staged at the Shanghai World Expo: what theme pavilion facade shining star little phototherapy, Expo Center outside wall exudes quiet elegance white light, the embodiment of the Expo Axis sun valley beautiful dazzling movie screen projected pattern, the Chinese Museum, Cultural Center, Petroleum Hall of the LED light source appears bright shaded.

This “light show” is not only a visual feast, it is a feast of science and technology. Recognized as the world’s fourth-generation lighting technology uses light-emitting diode (LED) semiconductor lighting technology in the Shanghai World Expo has been fully demonstrated. Shanghai World Expo LED chips in the 1.003 billion total amount of more than one park Bacheng night lighting with LED technology, World Expo site has become the world’s largest LED demonstration area.

Large-scale semiconductor lighting technology, innovative applications, is this one of the highlights of Shanghai World Expo. The most representative applications include:

1, outdoor landscape lighting

China Pavilion: The high color of the red LED Floodlights illuminate the main structure, to wear the “Red China” while exceptionally steal the spotlight, use the more than 23,000 LED lamps, wall lighting than traditional Pan-ray methods, the Chinese Pavilion can be energy-saving LED lights for more than 70%, the same time, have up to 50,000 hours of service life, greatly reduces the need for bulb replacement costs.

Expo Cultural Center: shape, such as – the cultural center of UFO cast light through the LED linear light round the wall and the wall or windows as the transmission of the effects produced, creating a “space visitors” a sense of the future, emitting a full time activity light.

Expo Center: exterior lighting with a yellow-blue two color temperature of the LED, placed both horizontal and vertical lines into straight lines, simple but well-proportioned; in a few pieces of open space around the Expo center, the blue lights were mounted on small ground floor tiles, and to watch free up land like the Star, to the building added a little lively. Facade lighting LED floodlight with concealed structure, to achieve a “see light not see light”; facade lighting system control and innovative ways with light, white light color temperature and brightness can be adjusted continuously, in peacetime, festivals, major activities, on different occasions, you can create a different color of light environment, to achieve “normal solemn, splendid festivals,” the visual effects.

Theme Pavilion: north and south facade curtain wall aluminum out of the density gradually decreasing up the square hollow hole, the formation of facade texture, lighting design using aluminum openings, placed at the bottom of cast full-color LED Linear Light projection, light form elevation spatial sense of rhythm; ecological green walls are randomly arranged in full-color LED decorative lamps embedded in swaying plants, plants and full-color LED night light combination is unique, reflecting the Expo and the nature of the interaction.

Expo-axis: the axis 1 km long exposition on the use of more than 200 million pieces LED, 9 万多 sets of different types of lamps and lamp with full color; same time, the World Expo Axis at the top of a large tension membrane also use LED to cast light illumination, so that all the World Expo Axis use of LED spectral characteristics of the dynamic changes, to create a joyous celebration of the festive atmosphere.

Sun Valley Expo axis: light steel structure in each cross-point type are installed that can look directly at LED light points, such as about 80 000 light points, through the digital control system can display lower resolution images and text, Sun Valley, constructed unpredictable night lights.

Urban Best Practices Area: Landscape lighting complete with LED.

Danish National Museum: Danish Museum look like a giant iron and steel to build ships, hull Fill the holes, these holes will help ventilation, light transmission, are installed in each hole LED light source, light can regulate the museum, can also illuminate the facade at night, particularly beautiful dream.

British Museum: “seed Temple” is the highlight of the British Design Museum. During the day, sunlight through the transparent acrylic root 6 thousand light pole “seed sanctuary” inside. Night, each acrylic rods containing the LED light source light up the whole “seed Temple”, the British Museum in the Huangpu River and bright.

Irish Museum: Decorative material used outside the sun plate, this high molecular organic material in light of the penetration and bearing has a great advantage, sun panels installed at one end of a very small volume of linear LED lamps, LED color combinations by controlling and changes in the realization of the Irish Museum “urban space” show the diversity.

Holland Hall: “Happy Street” by the decorative LED light source directly on the surface, bright flashing visual expression of the Dutch Pavilion “decorated” in a festive atmosphere.

French Pavilion: Using lighting to create a building sense of floating in the water, lights simulate the “candle light,” expression “urban sensibility,” the romantic ambience.

2, information display

Expo opening ceremony outdoor screen: display a long piece of 300 meters and 30 meters, total area of more than 9000 square meters, 15 cm pixel dot pitch, is the world’s largest outdoor LED display, which hyun and fireworks with the dynamic pattern , to a global audience brings a stunning visual feast.

Expo Center: 400 square meters large LED display is the highlight of the Expo Centre, one of many, it took a humanized hollow and transparent design, structure concise novel. Meanwhile, the full account of the organic integration of the building, harmonious appearance, rational layout, with a sense of modern space art.

Theme Pavilion: arrangement of the seven large-scale full-color LED display strip for Hall information release, visit the guide, video playback. This is a few screen display for the strip, high and low pixel less, more horizontal pixels, the entire hall in a museum can see a range of different angles clear text and images.

Taiwan Museum: the biggest bright spot – the water table in the prayer day lighting application of the LED light display technology, the metamorphosis of sky lanterns sky at the wonderful sight. “Peace and prosperity,” “Love and Peace” … … a light lamp electronic pray blessings sent to the hearts of people around the world.

Saudi Hall: “The moon boat” style boat large circular LED screen upon playing the smiling faces of children around the world.

German Pavilion: climax show “the source of power,” the big ball surface, covered with 400 thousand light-emitting diode LED is used to show changing patterns.

Petroleum Museum: floating in the air just like in the “oil Cube”, its external surface of 4,000 square meters of electronic screen, the combination of large-scale special-shaped PC board LED precise imaging, is the world’s first surface, light blue “channel weave” fabric criss-cross Such LED landscape not only fully demonstrates the distinctive characteristics of petroleum and petrochemical industries, but also very stylish and fantastic lighting effects.

National Grid Pavilion: In general the amount of six LED screen surface constitute a “Box” room, Zhang Kuange 14.9 meters, 13.9 meters high, it is a 112 degree LED screen 720 surrounded by illusion of space, the screen’s total area is 1100 square meters. Visitors enter the “Box” will find not only full of beautiful pictures around, and even the head, or feet can also watch where people are completely surrounded, immersed in three-dimensional, the magic of the senses Experience in.

Universal Hall, a theater, also are equipped with different characteristics of the LED screen, and the museum displays its complement.

3, indicating system

Puxi’s Urban Best Practices Area: a brick paved with LED lights the road, when night fell, LED system can change over time on the ground show a different color and pattern instructions provide information for visitors.

4, interior lighting functions

Best practice urban area in Shanghai Eco home: It is the only Expo outdoor landscape lighting and interior of a functional white lighting LED lighting technology used in all the pavilions, and become the life of LED used as a model case.

“Eco-house in Shanghai” is the sole representative of the Shanghai World Expo exhibition area will be the best practice case in kind is the only one of all the Expo Site lighting are used semiconductor lighting venues. As Taiwan’s first “zero energy” ecological demonstration home, which shows the ideal eco-home and the future of the most advanced eco-energy saving technologies. “Eco-house in Shanghai” LED lighting not only environmentally safe environment, there are arts and culture, the perfect interpretation of the “concerned about environmental protection energy conservation, promoting music live life” as a new eco-living concept, demonstrating a new generation of low carbon lighting, energy saving, environmental, health, multi-functional, intelligent advantages.

Low-carbon energy: energy saving effect is remarkable, compared to the traditional lighting methods, achieving an overall energy saving over 30%. Overall architectural lighting design using the traditional way of lighting power 50 kW, with power LED lighting design for the 35 kilowatts.

Green: LED light chip technology using electrical energy directly into light, high efficiency, light sources produce no harmful gases, full compliance with green building concepts.

Intelligent variable: LED intelligent color feature makes light dimming over the role of participation in life, such as the development of key House of old music successfully molded lighting environment, youth and family work, life, entertainment scene in the shape of light environment.

Fill light LED Plant Applications: deploy different band LED lights not only light, but also promote the growth of plants, flowers, fruits, vegetables and other fresh role.

LED lighting information transfer technology: LED lighting additional carrier to transmit information, make a light dual-use, effective information transfer to ensure safe, reliable and convenient; large area of abnormal surface light source technology: development of items such as the Youth House in large face shaped LED ceiling light ceiling (c ribbon surface light source illustrated), the uniformity of light distribution technology is a breakthrough.

Integration of LED light source shape design: LED solid light of the characteristics of shape easily, making integration of lighting and buildings, natural performance as a whole as possible, such as LED lighting shelves, LED wall big screen, LED light-emitting glass laser light laser glass, the glass curtain wall and the LED light source and effectively together to achieve the effect of colorful buildings.

Constant color temperature, brightness dimming technology: the successful settlement of the whole building LED DC dimming drive module with traditional dimmers matching difficulty, and has interior lighting color temperature constant, constant illumination level, efficient use of energy, to avoid light pollution.

The reliability of in situ monitoring techniques lamps: LED can predict the life of screening for the World Expo of high quality LED lamps to ensure the Shanghai World Expo in Shanghai long-term eco-home products LED display and efficient operation; mobile remote lighting control technology: development and application of general Mobile LED lamps lighting intelligent control systems.

In recent years, along with various TV brands increasingly fierce competition between the situation, the replacement of old and new flat-panel TVs began to significantly speed up the pace. According to my understanding, although the first half of the domestic flat-panel TV market this year, overall demand is relatively weak, but as the market’s most active LED TV preached by the rapid sales and sales go up momentum.

Among them, the Shenzhen market, for example, in January this year, LED has only a 14.2% flat-panel TV market share to 51 had risen during the period 25.6%, the most recent surge in market share is 45% or even higher. LED TV in the collective under the impact of a pandemic, the traditional LCD TV market share dropped sharply.

For the color TV market in the current situation, Su Ning, Shenzhen, the first joint Skyworth, Hisense, TCL, Changhong, Konka, Sharp, Sony, Samsung, LG, Philips Top Ten TV brand manufacturers signed a “out of ordinary LCD TV and accelerate the promotion of energy-saving low-carbon and multi-functional TV contract, “co-sponsored a campaign out of regular LCD TVs.

Many experts believe, LED TV can quickly spread, a comprehensive alternative to traditional LCD TV, mainly in three aspects. First, technical factors, although both liquid crystal display, LCD and LED, but in fact represent two different display technologies, LCD is composed of liquid crystal display, LED light emitting diode is formed by the display. Compared the two, LED TV in terms of brightness, power consumption, viewing angle or the refresh rate and so are more advantages.

The second is the market-oriented factors, according to Su Ning taken off TV said the Department of relevant staff, LED television cut into the earlier brand Samsung, Hisense, Skyworth proportion of its LED TV has reached over 60% of total sales, and many brands of color TV products this year accelerated since the reduction in the proportion of its share of LCD TVs, such as Hisense TV made it clear that the gold in the 11 weeks after the expected LCD products will only save a family, and other products will be LED TV.

Another factor is the price, LED LCD TV quickly spread, and its price is inseparable. According to industry analysis, although in the second half of 2009, with the size of the domestic LED TV and LCD TV is also a difference between the big difference, but in Hisense, Konka, Skyworth, TCL and other domestic TV manufacturers have set foot in the upstream industry chain LED After the first half of the price of domestic LED TV Heavy a 20% -30%, LED TV LED TV and the difference has not been seen, greatly promoted the popularity of speed LED television.

Taiwan Optical Association, said the second quarter of 2010, Taiwan’s LED industry, extending the size of the Samsung LCD TV at home and abroad have launched the brand factory LED TV models to promote heat waves, plus led the Japanese market driven LED interior lighting market gradually warming, driven by the Taiwan LED industry to a thriving flourishing. Including high brightness blue LED epitaxy, chip out of the situation is still spreading to the second half of the crystal power, Formosa Epitaxy, Gallium and other manufacturers take the lead in wide monthly record high revenues, Taiwan LED epitaxy, chip refresh the second quarter of output again value of the previous quarter, growing 35%, also a record high level.

The use of green fluorescent blue LED with yellow phosphor and chips, available high-brightness white LED; if the use of green phosphors with blue LED chips, can be green; if the use of green with yellow phosphor and blue phosphor LED chips can get cool colors white; green phosphor can be with red and blue LED chips and phosphor was white. The white LED color rendering index (CRI) and the blue chips, YAG phosphor, correlated color temperature, etc., of which the most important is the YAG powder, different color temperature zone LED, with the pink and blue chips are different. Target color temperature, the lower of the tube with the powder emission peak to longer peak chip have long, less than the 4000K color temperature, but also by adding another red, pink, red components to make up for the shortage, to improve the color index purpose of keeping the chips and powder in the same conditions, the higher the color rendering index higher color temperature.
Summed up in production experience, the best matching blue ties with YAG as follows:
YAG emission peak / nm blue peak wavelength / nm
530 ± 5 450-455
540 ± 5 455-460
550 ± 5 460-465
555 ± 5 465-470
White made it more white, are generally chip manufacturers to provide the main wavelength, peak wavelength to use specialized testing equipment, test out the value of the ordinary than the main wave length is about 5nm. Phosphor and chips wavelength determines the color coordinates in a straight line, determine the wavelength of phosphor and chips. As long as the increase in the ratio can be adjusted to reduce the color coordinates on a straight line in this location.
Common LED die are as follows:
Materials Materials wavelength wavelength
InGaN 475-485nm InGaN 525nm
InGaN 465-475nm InGaN 505nm
InGaN 455-465nm InGaN 515nm
InGaAlP 620-640nm GaAlAs / GaAs 660nm
InGaAlP 610-620nm GaAlAs / GaAlAs 660nm
InGaAlP 600-610nm GaP 700nm
InGaAlP 592-600nm GaP 570-575nm
InGaAlP 580-593nm GaP 565-570nm
InGaAlP 567-577nm GaP 550-565nm
InGaAlP 550-565nm PY — GaAlAs 585nm
Because there are inorganic phosphor and organic phosphors. If the circumstances to add organic phosphor, YAG phosphor and AB glue ratio is usually 1:6 to 10 (weight ratio). The AB should be 6 ~ 10g glue between the number of the number of blue chip as the power must be adjusted size. Chip power of the major ones, under constant volume in the phosphor, AB glue should be relatively small amount (eg 1:6). On the contrary, the power of the smallest number of AB glue to be more and more (example: 1:10).

LED is the use of compound materials pn junction photovoltaic devices. Pn junction which has the electrical properties of junction devices: IV characteristics, CV and optical characteristics: spectral response characteristics, light intensity point characteristics, time characteristics and thermal characteristics.

1, LED Electrical Characteristics
1.1 IV characterization of pn junction LED chip performance of the main parameters of preparation. The nonlinear IV characteristics of LED, rectifier properties: one-way conductivity, which along with the performance of low contact resistance positive bias, whereas for the high contact resistance.
If Left:
(1) positive dead: (Figure oa or oa ‘section) a point for the turn-on voltage for V0, when V <Va, yet to overcome many of the applied electric field due to carrier diffusion barrier formed by electric field, then R is large; threshold voltage value is different for different LED, GaAs is 1V, red GaAsP to 1.2V, GaP to 1.8V, GaN is 2.5V.
(2) positive work area: current IF and the exponential relationship between applied voltage
IF = IS (e qVF / KT

Forward voltage drop (VF) and forward current (IF) curve, the curve indicated that, when the forward voltage exceeds a certain threshold value (about 2V), known as the turn-on voltage, the can be approximated that, IF and VF is proportional. Table is currently the main ultra-bright LED’s electrical characteristics. Can see from the table, the current maximum IF Ultra Bright LED up to 1A, while the VF is usually 2 ~ 4V.

As the LED’s optical properties are usually described as a function of current, rather than a function of voltage, luminous flux (φV) and the relationship between the IF curve, therefore, constant current source driver can better control the brightness. In addition, LED’s forward voltage drop larger range (up to 1V above), but the picture above the VF-IF curve indicated, VF will cause small changes in the larger, IF change, causing more brightness big change. Therefore, using constant voltage LED light source driver can not guarantee the consistency and affect LED reliability, lifetime and lumen maintenance. Therefore, the super-bright LED is usually driven by constant current source.

LED temperature and flux (φV) curves can see from the next graph is inversely proportional to flux and temperature, 85 ℃ 25 ℃ when the flux is half the time, but time for a 40 ℃ 25 ℃, the output is 1.8 times. Temperature on the wavelength of LFD have some effect, therefore, good heat dissipation is guaranteed LED brightness constant.

1.)General LED drive circuit description

LED power level due to the restrictions, often to simultaneously drive multiple LED brightness to meet the demand, therefore, require specialized driver circuit to illuminate the LED. Introduced the concept of following LED-type drive circuit.

Current limiting driver circuit is a simple drive circuit, the current limiting resistor is calculated as follows.

Vin to the circuit’s input voltage: VF for the IED of forward current; VF as the LED forward current, IF the pressure drop; VD for the anti-anti-diode voltage drop (optional); y the number of LED per string ; x is the number of parallel LED string.

LED linear mathematical model of the formula: Vo for the opening of a single LED voltage drop; Rs for a single LED in the linearity of the equivalent series resistance. Limiting resistor is on the type of calculation can be written as when the resistance is chosen, the current limiting circuit of the IF and VF grounds of the above equation the relationship between the current limiting circuit is simple, but the fluctuations in the input voltage, the current through the LED will follow the change, so adjust poor performance. In addition, because the access resistance R loss of power xRIF, therefore inefficient.

2.)Linear Regulators Description

Linear regulators are using the work in the linear region of the power transistor or MOSFFET as a dynamic variable resistor to control the load. Linear regulator with parallel and series two.

Parallel linear regulator, also known as shunt regulator (in fact the load may be more LED in series, the same below), which in parallel with the LED, LED when the input voltage increases or decreases, the current through the shunt regulator will increases, this will increase the voltage drop across current limiting resistor, so that a constant current through the LED. As the shunt regulator requires a resistor in series, so efficiency is not high, and relatively wide input voltage range of circumstances is very difficult to constant adjustment. Series regulator, when the input voltage increases, the increased dynamic resistance regulation in order to maintain the LED’s voltage (current) constant. As the power transistor or MOSFET conduction tube has a saturation voltage, therefore, the minimum input voltage must be greater than the saturation voltage and load voltage and the circuit to work properly.

The drive technology is not only limited by the input voltage range, and low efficiency. In general for low-power LED driver, because the current only a few mA, so loss is not obvious, when used as a current of several hundred mA or more of the bright LED driver, the power circuit of the loss becomes more serious problem. Switching power supply is the most efficient energy transformation can be more than 90%. Buek, Boost and Buck-Boost power converter such as LED drivers can be used only to meet the constant current LED driver using the detection output current rather than detecting the output voltage feedback control.

Buck Converter with LED drive circuit, and the different traditional Buek converter, switch S moved to the back of inductance L, so S source grounded, thus facilitating S’s drive, LED and L series, while the freewheeling diode D anti-parallel with the series circuit, the drive circuit is not only simple and does not require the output filter capacitor, reducing the cost. However, Buck converter is a buck converter, input voltage does not apply to low-or multiple LED series of occasions.

Boost Converter with LED driver circuit, the output voltage by inductive energy storage pump to a higher expected value than the input voltage to achieve the low input voltage of the LED driver. Advantage is that the driver IC outputs can be used in parallel, effectively improve the single LED power.

Buck-Boost Converter with LED drive circuit. And Buek circuit similar to the source of the circuit S can be directly grounded, thus facilitating the S drive. Boost and Buck-Boosl converter although one more than the Buck converter capacitor, however, they can raise the absolute value of the output voltage, so the input voltage is low, and the need to drive multiple LED when used more often.

3.)PWM dimming knowledge description

Mobile phones and other consumer electronics products, the white LED is increasingly being used as a display backlight. Recently, many product designers hope that the white LED brightness can be in different situations to make corresponding changes. This means that white LED drive should be able to support the LED brightness adjustment function. Currently there are three main dimming technology: PWM dimming, analog dimming and digital dimming. Many drivers on the market which can support one or more dimming technology. This article describes the three characteristics of each dimming technology, the product designer can select the specific requirements of the technology.

PWM Dimming (PWM) dimming mode – This is the number of pulses by means of a simple, white LED driver repeatedly switch dimming technology. Application’s system only need to provide wide and narrow pulses of different digital, you can simply change the output current to achieve, so adjust the brightness of white LED. PWM dimming is its ability to provide high-quality white light, and the application of simple and efficient! For example, in mobile phone systems, using a dedicated interface for simple PWM duty cycle of the pulse produce any signal, the signal through a resistor, connected to the EN drive interfaces. Most drive manufacturers support the PWM dimming. However, PWM dimming has its disadvantages. Mainly reflected in: PWM dimming is very easy to make white LED driver circuits generate the human ear can hear the noise (audible noise, or microphonic noise). This noise is returned? Usually belong to white LED driver switching power supply device (buck, boost, charge pump, etc.), the switching frequency of 1MHz or so in, so the drive does not produce a typical application is the human ear can hear the noise. But when the drive when the PWM dimming, if the PWM signal of 200Hz to 20kHz frequency just falls between the white LED drive around the inductor and output capacitor will produce the human ear can hear the noise. Therefore, to avoid the use of design the following low-frequency 20kHz.

We all know the role of a low frequency switching signal winding inductance in common (wire winding coil), will make the mutual inductance between the coils produce mechanical vibration, the mechanical vibration frequency falls just above the frequency, inductor noise by the human ear can hear. Inductance produced some noise, partly from the output capacitor. More and more mobile phone designer ceramic capacitor as the output capacitor drive. Ceramic capacitor with piezoelectric properties, which means: When a low-frequency voltage ripple signal acting on the output capacitor, capacitor will send creak of beeps. When the PWM signal is low, the white LED driver to stop working, the output capacitor through the white LED and the bottom of the resistance to discharge. Therefore, PWM dimming, the output capacitor inevitably have a huge ripple. In short, in order to avoid the PWM dimming when audible noise, white LED drivers should be able to offer beyond the scope of the human ear can hear the dimming frequency! Relative to the PWM dimming, if we can change the resistance RS is also able to change the current flowing through the white LED, which changes LED brightness. We call this technology as analog dimming.

Analog dimming the biggest advantage is that it avoids the transfer of light as the noise arising. In analog dimming technologies, LED’s voltage drop is the wizard will decrease as the LED current decreases, making white LED power consumption is also decreased. But different from the PWM dimming technology, the analog dimming white LED driver is always in work mode, and drive power conversion efficiency decreases rapidly as the decline in output current. Therefore, the use of analog dimming technology tends to increase the overall system power consumption. Analog dimming technology is still a drawback light quality. Because it directly changes the current white light LED, making the quality of white light LED white light has changed!

In addition to PWM dimming, analog dimming, now some manufacturers support the drive digital dimming. Digital dimming technology with white LED drivers have the appropriate digital interface. The digital interface can be SMB, I2C, or a single-wire digital interface. The system designer as long as the specific communication protocol, to drive a string of digital signals, you can make white LED light to change.

South Korea’s LED packaging manufacturers Wooree Group will invest 100 million U.S. dollars in the construction of LED production base in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, the project has been officially launched, plans put into operation in 2011. Wooree Group is an international renowned Korean professional LED package, backlight modules and lighting research and development production of listed companies. Yangzhou Municipal Party Secretary Wang Yanwen went to South Korea and Wooree company, with consultations in the LED industry cooperation and eventually signed, Yangzhou city government said it will fully service Wooree Group investment projects in Yangzhou.
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South Korea Wooree Group Chairman Yin Zhe-chu came to Yangzhou officially launched his party before the start of the project construction, and pledged to further speed up construction projects to ensure that the project put into operation as scheduled, and he said that with the completion of the project will further increase investment in the Young .

LED chip maker Cree Inc. In the recently released Q2 2010 earnings.
Cree 2010 å¹´ Q2 revenues reached 264.6 million U.S. dollars, quarter by 13%, 79% annual growth, a record. Diluted earnings per share of the industry’s 0.18 U.S. dollars from the same period last year jumped to 0.55 U.S. dollars.

Cree Q3 revenue forecast another record, rising to 2.70 ~ 2.80 billion, earnings per share estimate the industry will reach 0.56 ~ 0.59 U.S. dollars.

Recently, Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. Announced PLCC2 Plus package with small size power SMD LED — VLMx51 family of LED with high luminous flux and very low junction to ambient thermal resistance, can be used for a variety of lighting applications.

VLMR51, VLMK51, VLMY51 and VLMW51 devices with high luminous efficiency of InGan and AllnGaP silicon technology, with 8.5lm ~ 30.6lm the luminous flux and luminous intensity of 2850mcd ~ 9750mcd. The LED is as low as 100k / W junction to ambient thermal resistance, very low power dissipation up to 738mW, so that drive current up to 200mA.
With the excellent performance parameters, together with a small size package 3.5mmx3.5mmx1.2mm shape, so VLMx51 series as interior and exterior lighting, signs and symbols lights, decorative lighting, architectural lighting, backlighting, sign lights, traffic lights and general lighting applications of all ideal.

The RoHS directive 2002/95/EC and the LED line with WEEE 2002/96/EC, compatible with J-STD-020 provides the infrared reflow process curve. These devices are carried out according to JEDEC Level 2a pretreatment standard, affordable JESD22-A114-B under 2kV (HBM) ESD voltage.

Recently, two cities in Ambler, Pennsylvania (Ambler) and Sunbury (Sunbury) has announced plans to join Cree led city (Cree LED City Program), which is an international project to promote and deploy energy-saving LED lighting. These two cities, street lamps have been replaced with LED lights, and the lighting is by the Spring City EL ectrical Manufacturing Company production, and use Cree’s XLamp MC-E and XP-E LED.

Located 15 miles north of Philadelphia, Ambler city has installed along the track urban style with decorative LED lights. Maximum power of each street-lamp 74W, and the issue of light equivalent to a 150W high pressure sodium lamp. Spring City expects each light LED lamps can bring energy savings of 60% and annual savings of 15 dollars in maintenance costs or annual savings of the installation costs more than 100 U.S. dollars.

Recently, in the Susquehanna river in Sunbury City has completed the 10 Washington-style LED lamp installation, compared with the conventional metal halide lamp, the expected energy savings could reach 43%. Sunbury City officials estimate an annual saving lamps LED lamps for every 29 dollars of the cost, on average, annual savings of 290 U.S. dollars.